"John  Wesley  belongs  to  the  greatest  Christian 
minds.  .  .  .  Methodists  make  all  men  feel  that 
they  are  brothers.” — Professor  Adolph  Hamack 


The 

EUROPEAN 

MISSION 


Mission 
Boundaries 


BRITISH 


ISLES 


' The  Methodist 

Episcopal  Church 


"  Not  a  new  Gospel  for  Europe,  but  more  Gos¬ 
pel.” — * President  William  H.  Crawford 


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Hit  ilbiUHli 
0?  THE 

i  '  .  ■  ^  r  '  ‘  ■  ' 

uW  W  k  •>* 


BISHOP  JOHN  HEYL  VINCENT,  D.D..  LL.D 


THE 


EUROPEAN  MISSION  OF  THE 
METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 

CHURCH 


By 

Bishop  JOHN  HEYL  VINCENT,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

INDIANAPOLIS,  INDIANA 


Published  by  tiie 

OPEN  DOOR  EMERGENCY  COMMISSION 

MISSIONARY  SOCIETY  OF  THE  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

150  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 


Price,  Ten  Cents 


EDITED  BY 


Charles  II.  Morgan 


Me 


V  e 


/ 


ISHOP  JOHN  HEYL  VINCENT,  D.D., 


LL.D.,  was  born  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala- 


bama,  February  22,  1832,  received  his 
later  education  iu  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey,  and  began  his  public  ministry  in  the 
last-named  State.  No  record  in  Methodist 
annals,  after  that  of  our  great  founder,  Wes¬ 
ley,  shines  with  greater  luster  than  does  that 
of  Bishop  Vincent,  in  the  power  to  transmute 
the  highest  practical  forms  of  knowledge  into 
the  life  of  the  masses  of  the  people.  This 
marvelous  fertility  as  a  religious  educator  has 
marked  his  whole  career  as  pastor,  Sunday 
school  secretary  and  editor,  lecturer,  organ¬ 
izing  genius  of  the  Chautauqua  movement, 
and  bishop.  The  last  four  years  of  his  full 
official  service,  closing  in  1904,  during  which 
he  was  our  resident  bishop  in  Europe,  left  an 
indelible  impress  on  the  spirit  and  ideals  of 
the  Methodist  movement  in  that  Continent, 
and  he  is  held  in  honor  there  as  elsewhere  by 
multitudes  for  his  noble  Christian  manhood 
and  pure  and  quickening  influence. — Editor. 


/ 


MONT  J’.I.ANC  FHOM  CIIAMOIN'IX 


EUROPEAN  MISSION 


HOW  OUR  WORK  IN  EUROPE  BEGAN 

The  mission  enterprise  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
in  Europe  has  arisen  clearly  in  the  order  of  Divine  providence. 
This  work  began  in  Germany  through  the  Rev.  Ludwig  S. 

Jacoby,  born  in  Germany,  converted  in  America,  who 
Divinely  went  back  under  the  impulse  of  the  new  love  to  pro- 

Opened  Doors  claim  this  “new  old  Gospel”  to  his  fellows  at  home. 

He  landed  in  Bremen  November  7,  1849,  and  the 
work  then  commenced  is  now  represented  by  three  Conferences — 
North  Germany,  South  Germany,  and  Switzerland — the  move¬ 
ment  being  carried  from  Germany  into  Switzerland  by  two 
preachers  in  1856.  It  was  a  converted  Norwegian  in  New  York 
city,  the  Rev.  Olof  P.  Petersen,  who,  in  December,  1853,  landed 
in  Norway  and  began  his  work  of  evangelization  at  Frederiks- 
stad.  John  P.  Larsson,  a  Swedish  sailor,  also  converted  in  New 
York  city,  made  his  way  to  Sweden  in  1853,  and  though  at  that 
time  a  layman,  so  witnessed  for  Christ  that  a  revival  resulted 
which  detained  him  eighteen  months.  In  1854  he  received 
an  appropriation  from  the  Missionary  Society,  and  became  the 
founder  of  our  Swedish  work. 

The  Methodist  movement  in  Denmark  was  begun  by  a  Dane, 
the  Rev.  Christian  Willerup,  who  in  Norway  learned  the  secret 
of  the  new  life,  and  carried  it  to  his  native  land  in  1857. 

Bulgaria  was  entered  in  1857,  the  field  being  opened  by  the 
Rev.  Wesley  Prettyman  and  the  Rev.  Albert  L.  Long. 

Our  work  in  Italy  was  commenced  by  the  Rev.  Leroy  M. 
Vernon,  who  reached  Genoa  in  August,  1872. 

Local  preachers  from  Sweden  began  the  work  in  Finland, 
and  in  1883  a  preacher  was  sent  to  that  country  from  the 
Sweden  Conference.  The  movement  was  extended  to  St. 
Petersburg  in  1892. 


It  will  be  seen  that  we  do  not  cover  the  whole  of  Europe,  as 
we  have  no  work  in  Great  Britain,  Spain,  and  several  other 
countries. 


WORD  PICTURES  OF  OUR  CHURCHES  AND 

CONFERENCES 


Let  us  attend  a  service  in  one  of  our  churches  in  Switzerland. 
It  is  the  morning  for  holy  communion.  The  regular  public 
service  is  always  held  at  nine  o’clock  in  the  morning.  Then  there 
is  another  service  at  five  o’clock  in  the  afternoon.  The 
Spirit  of  church  is  plain  but  substantial — an  old-fashioned  church, 
Worship  clean,  bright,  and  comfortable  On  the  wall  behind  and 
on  each  side  of  the  pulpit  are  three  mottoes  (in  German, 
of  course):  “Lo,  I  am  with  you  alway,  even  unto  the  end  of  the 
world:”  “Be  ye  doers  of  the 


word,  and  not  hearers  only;” 

“Come  unto  me,  all  ye  that 
labor  and  are  heavy  laden.” 

There  is  a  large  choir  in  the 
gallery.  The  singing  is  excel¬ 
lent,  and  the  congregation 
join  heartily  in  the  hymns. 

Everybody  seems  to  be  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  hymn  book.  And 
it  is  the  Church  hymn  book; 
no  petty  substitute  of  Gar¬ 
lands  and  Crystal  Songs  and 
Pearls  of  Paradise.  Then  the 
strong  hymns  of  the  Church 
are  sung,  book  in  hand  and 
heart  in  voice.  The  reverent 
silence,  the  close  attention 
during  the  service,  the  ardent 
preaching  of  the  pastor  with  cuuucu  at  cunt,  Switzerland 
his  delightful  manner,  his  mag¬ 
netic  and  well-controlled  voice,  his  sermon  full  of  evangelical 
and  spiritual  suggestion — all  combine  to  make  a  profound  im¬ 
pression  upon  the  hearer. 


(5 


The  people  are  plain  people.  I  believe  that  is  the  way  we  put 
it  when  we  mean  to  say  they'  are  people  who  work  for  a  living 
and  live  economically  and  in  simplicity.  There  is  no  million¬ 
aire  in  the  congregation,  no  bank  president,  no 
Congregation  statesman.  There  are  clerks,  mechanics,  shop- 
of  Plain  People  keepers,  a  few  teachers ;  there  are  some  sweet¬ 
looking  “mothers  in  Israel,”  neatly  dressed,  faces 
full  of  holy  calm,  believers  in  the  life  of  inward  peace  and 
personal  victory.  Here,  too,  are  a  few  deaconesses  from  the 
Bethany  Home,  which  joins  the  parsonage. 

It  is  a  lovely  morning.  The  service  is  an  inspiration.  The 
holy  sacrament  is  administered.  Two  brothers  serve  as  gen- 
feral  directors,  keeping  the  altar  filled  now  from  this 
Sacramental  ■  side  of  the  Church,  now  from  the  other  side,  so  that 

•  -  •-»»  .*  -V- 

Service  there  is  no  confusion.  The  prayer  of  consecration 

and  the  Gloria  in  Excelsis  are  pronounced  by  the 
pastor.  Then  the  congregation  rise  and  chant  the  benediction 

The  Church  in  Germany  (and  throughout  Europe)  gives 
especial  attention  to  the  training  of  youth  in  the  catechism. 
There  are  three  catechism  classes,  all  under  the  care 
Catechism  of  the  pastor.  The  children  are  usually  converted 
Classes  before  leaving  these  Bible  and  catechism  classes,  and 
become  members  of  the  Church. 

The  Methodism  of  Switzerland  is  sound  in  doctrine,  fervent 
in  spirit,  and  loyal  to  the  traditions  of  the  Wesleyan  movement. 
Our  people  believe  in  class  meetings,  prayer  meetings,  in  con¬ 
gregational  singing,  with  choirs  of  men,  choirs  of  women,  mixed 
choirs,  and  now  and  then  a  brass  band  made  up  of  Church 
members. 

“Will  you  come  to  Chur  and  spend  an  evening  with  us?” 
wrote  the  pastor  of  our  church  in  that  venerable  city.  “Of 
course,”  I  replied,  and,  with  I)r.  Adolph  Sulzberger  as  my  com¬ 
panion  and  interpreter,  I  left  Zurich  one  day  and 
The  Pretty  went  to  Chur,  about  130  kilometers  from  Zurich. 

Church  at  Chur  Our  church  at  Chur  is  a  pretty  bit  of  architecture, 

finished  within  in  hard  pine.  The  parsonage  is 
under  the  same  roof,  and  one  climbs  almost  to  the  roof  to  find 
it.  Once  landed  on  the  upper  story,  we  are  at  home  in  a  most 


comfortable  flat.  No  more  steps  to  climb,  and  cosy  rooms,  and 
the  heartiest  possible  welcome  and  conversations  in  fragments 
of  English  and  French  and  German,  the  ready  and  versatile 
Sulzberger  always  at  hand  to  throw  light  on  almost  any  subject 
and  in  almost  any  language  required.  In  the  evening  we  go  to 
service  in  the  little  chapel.  The 
building  has  a  fresh  look,  the  lights 
are  bright,  the  singing  hearty,  the 
attention  close,  the  spirit  reverent, 
and  the  after-greetings  full  of  cor¬ 
diality  and  fraternity. 

Let  us  study  the  composition  of 
one  or  more  of  the  churches,  in 
Switzerland,  for  example,  and  re¬ 
member  that  it  represents 
Who  Compose  a  large  number  of  our 
Our  Churches  churches  throughout  Eu¬ 
rope.  Here  is  a  little 
church  with  210  members  and  pro¬ 
bationers.  These  members  are  di¬ 
vided  into  10  different  little  churches, 
or  ‘  ‘  appointments,”  as  we  call  them. 

Out  of  the  210  people  there  are 
5  who  have  small  farms,  and  these 
farms  in  debt;  there  are  5  milliners, 

10  mechanics  (only  one  of  these  a 
proprietor);  there  are  30  of  the  members  who  work  in  straw 
plaiting,  30  in  preserving  fruits,  20  in  the  manufacture  of  paper 
boxes,  10  in  linen  bleaching,  50  in  day  labor;  there  are  15  sew¬ 
ing  women,  3  gardeners,  and  4  schoolhouse  sextons.  These  earn 
from  30  cents  a  day  upward.  They  receive  from  the  missionary 
fund  2,500  francs  as  the  missionary  appropriation  for  the  year, 
but  these  poor  people  themselves  gave  from  their  own  limited 
earnings  5,472  francs  during  the  year. 

Take  another  church,  one  of  those  in  Nuremberg,  Germany 
It  is  made  up  of  errand  boys,  girls  in  toy  factories, 
Church  in  clerks,  workers  in  Faber  pencil  factories,  embroiderers, 
Nuremberg  shoemakers,  furniture  makers,  a  few  house  servants 

8 


KEV.  A.  SULZBEllGEK,  D.l>., 
GERMANY 


Some  of  them  make  90  marks  a  month,  or  less  than  $22.  Out 
of  120  members  everyone  gives  in  the  collections.  On  one  of 
the  circuits  in  that  section  of  Germany  50  poor  members  donate 
2,500  marks  a  year,  and  only  5  or  6  of  the  50  are  in  even  mod¬ 
erate  circumstances. 

To  the  poor  the  Gospel  is  preached.  To  these  poor  who  do 
their  best  to  support  the  Gospel  we  go.  We  bring  religious 
experience,  the  broad  religious  truths  which  we  are 
A  Rich  Gospel  appointed  to  proclaim,  the  deep  and  genuine  spir- 

to  the  Poor  itual  experience  which  we  foster,  and  the  denomi¬ 

national  enthusiasm  which  becomes  an  uplifting  and 
ennobling  power  in  the  lives  of  these  humble  folk. 

Not  long  ago  I  made  an  official  visit  to  Bavaria,  Saxony, 
and  Prussia.  I  spent  a  Sabbath  in  Nuremberg,  where  we  have 
two  churches.  The  week  after  I  visited  and  preached  in  Plauen, 
Reichenbach,  Greiz,  Zwickau,  Wilkau, 

Schneeberg,  and  Chemnitz.  It  was 
real,  rugged,  old-fashioned  winter  time, 
with  deep  snow  under  foot,  and  much 
of  the  time  thick  snow  in  the  air,  but 
that  did  not  prevent  crowded  houses. 

Brother  E.  C.  Anner,  then  of  Greiz, 
was  my  companion  and  interpreter. 

He  is  a  good  English  scholar,  a  good 
writer  in  German,  an  extensi  ve  traveler, 
an  author,  with  a  home  for  any  man 
to  be  proud  of.  Good  discipline  pre¬ 
vails  in  the  house,  and  the  chil- 
Pastors’  dren  have  musical  taste  and  cul- 
H  omes  ture.  These  conservative  Ger¬ 
mans  have  many  wholesome  les¬ 
sons  for  both  American  parents  and 
American  pastors,  and  the  Methodism 
that  inspires  them  takes  one  back  a 
good  many  years  to  the  days  of  faith¬ 
ful  family  prayer,  the  subjection  of  children  to  their  parents,  and 
the  profound  religious  earnestness  that  characterized  Metho¬ 
dist  domestic  life  in  those  days.  Here  is  one  place,  a  manufac- 

9 


REV.  EDWARD  HUG, 
SWITZERLAND 


turing  town,  where  our  church  has  over  300  members  and  pro¬ 
bationers,  composed  of  flannel  weavers,  bakers,  sewing  girls, 
peddlers,  and  others.  There  is  one  merchant  who  owns  his 
shop  and  one  farmer  who  owns  his  farm.  They  have  no  help 
from  the  Missionary  Society-  The  pastor,  with  a  family  of 
six,  lives  on  1,200  marks  ($300)  a  year,  of  which  $100  goes  for 
rent.  Poverty,  economy,  cheerfulness,  faith,  hope,  and  love- 
all  seem  to  live  in  the  same  little  parsonage. 

In  Germany,  although  most  of  the  people  are  poor,  they  dress 
and  look  well.  Their  local  church  brass  band  (a  very  common 
institution  in  our  German  churches)  leads  the  congre- 
Church  gat  ion  in  singing.  Several  of  our  preachers  teach  music. 

Brass  Band  The  wife  of  our  pastor  at  Ueichenbach  has  been  a 

governess  and  teacher  of  French.  The  preachers’  wives 
are  usually  intelligent,  many  of  them  well 
educated,  and  are  good  housekeepers. 

At  Schneeberg  we  have  a  good  church, 
with  five  other  appointments,  forming 
Schneeberg  Circuit,  which  has  about  500 
members,  made  up  of  miners,  collar 
Choirs  and  makers,  laundrvmen,  color  makers, 

Singing  and  other  workers.  There  are  IS 
class  leaders  (class  meeting  really 
means  something  in  Saxony),  2  manner- 
cliors  (men  choirs),  1  choir  of  daughters, 

7  mixed  choirs,  and  a  zither  club.  What 
music  we  had  that  day!  Although  the  snow 
was  new-fallen  and  deep,  and  some  people 
waded  “  four  hours  far”  (as  the  good  pastor 
put  it),  the  house  was  full  and  the  feeling 
intense;  and  a  letter  following  me  to  Berlin  reported  three  conver¬ 
sions  as  a  result  under  God’s  blessing  of  the  service  that  morning 
I  wish  that  we  could  all  have  paid  a  visit  to  Father  Wunder¬ 
lich,  who  recently  was  taken  to  his  heavenly  home  at  the  age 
of  seventy-nine.  He  was  a  typical  old-fashioned  Methodist 
preacher,  whose  face  was  a  benediction,  a  refined,  fervent,  godly 
man,  honored  wherever  he  was  known.  He  lived  on  an  old 
island  farm  in  the  river  Elster.  It  had  been  in  his  family  for 

10 


DKVMAUK 


more  than  two  hundred  years.  It  was  once  the  property  of  a 
knight.  The  name  of  the  farm  is  Russdorf.  Behind  the  present 
house,  on  a  hill,  are  the  ruins  of  an  old  castle  destroyed  centuries 
ago.  Father  Wunderlich  was  converted  when  he  was 
A  Saintly  Life  about  twenty-seven,  and  soon  afterward  began  to 

preach.  He  changed  an  old  barn  on  his  place  into  a 
chapel,  and  attracted  the  people  from  far  and  near.  He  would 
preach  several  times  during  the  day  to  the  people,  some  of 
whom  left  their  homes  at  midnight  on  Saturday,  spent  the  Sun¬ 
day  in  service,  and  returned  in  time  for  Monday  work.  He  was 
ordained  an  elder,  and  was  a  traveling  preacher  for  twelve  years, 
but  was  compelled  to  resume  charge  of  his  farm,  where  he  con¬ 
tinued  to  preach  most  acceptably  till  near  the  close  of  his  life. 
His  eight  children  are  all  members  of  the  Church.  Near  the  old 
farmhouse  there  is  now  a  beautiful  chapel,  well  attended  and 
free  from  debt. 

Let  me  give  you  a  picture  of  a  very  unique  service  held  in 
the  far  north,  fifty  English  miles  above  the  polar  circle.  The 
pastor,  August  Rockberg,  is  a  consecrated  and  godly  man, 
beloved  by  his  people,  has  the  confidence  of  his  brethren, 
In  the  and  lives  in  communion  with  Cod.  I  asked  him  to  give 

Far  North  me  an  account  of  a  Sunday  service  in  the  far  north, 

where  during  part  of  the  year  it  is  day  all  the  time  and 
during  part  of  the  year  night  most  of  the  time,  and  he  re¬ 
sponded  as  follows: 

“It  is  Sunday,  near  New  Year’s  time,  and  at  the  winter 
solstice.  Snow  has  been  on  the  ground  for  more  than  three 
Now  it  is  more  than  nine  feet  deep.  The  daytime 
has  during  the  last  three  weeks  become  shorter  and 
shorter,  and  the  distance  between  the  point  in  the 
horizon  where  the  sun  is  rising  and  the  point  where 
the  sun  sets  come  nearer  to  each  other.  And  at  last 
the  sun  is  rising  and  setting  at  the  same  point. 

“  It  is  ten  o’clock  on  Sunday  morning,  and  the  time  for  the 
beginning  of  the  Sunday  school  at  Malmberget.  It  is  not  full 
daylight,  but  the  children  have  good  eyes,  and  can  see  to  read 
and  to  sing.  The  school  is  closed  at  eleven  o’clock,  and  then 
the  regular  preaching  service  commences.  If  it  is  a  cloudy  day 

11 


months. 

The 

Shortest  Day 


the  preacher  must  have  an  unusually  good  sight  if  lie  is 
able  to  read  in  his  Bible,  but  if  it  is  a  clear  and  cloudless  sky 
it  is  daybreak  about  eleven  o’clock  in  the  forenoon,  and  the 
preacher  can  the  better  see  to  read.  As  the  preacher  has  read 
his  text  and  begins  to  preach  the  heaven  is  painted  with  the 
richest  variety  of  colors.  The  whole  canopy  from 
Brilliant  Colors  horizon  to  zenith  is  red,  brown,  yellow,  violet,  radia¬ 
ting  with  all  the  colors  of  the  rainbow.  The  light  is 
throwing  its  red  rays  upon  the  white  snow.  Toward  the  south, 
from  the  other  side  of  Mount  Dundret,  where  the  sun  is  ap¬ 
pearing,  there  are  many-colored  pillars  of  light  rising,  some¬ 
times  up  to  the  very  zenith.  This  is  the  famous  Lapland  bril¬ 
liancy  of  play  of  colors.  The  preacher  must  preach  with  interest 
and  vigor  to  keep  the  attention  of  his  audience;  otherwise  they 
love  to  look  out  through  the  windows.  When  the  preacher  has 
gone  through  point  one,  two,  and  three,  and  is  beginning  with 
the  application  and  exhortation  (about  11:45  a.  m.),  the  sun 
looks  up  with  half  of  its  face  above  the  horizon  away  in  a  cleft 
in  Dundret.  It  will  not  rise  higher  to-day,  but  it  is  enough  to 
pour  out  upon  the  whole  region  a  supernatural  luster  and  splen¬ 
dor.  Before  the  application  of  the  sermon  is  finished,  however, 
the  sun  has  disappeared,  and  when  we  sing  the  long-meter 
doxology  it  is  twilight  again. 

“  This  is  one  of  the  shortest  days  of  the  year  in  this  region 
above  the  polar  circle,  but  it  is  also  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
days.  To  me,  at  least,  it  seems  to  be  more  glorious 
Service  than  even  the  midsummer  day,  when  the  sun  shines 

Longer  than  day  and  night.  When  we  leave  the  chapel  it  is  already 
Daylight  evening.  Thus  we  arrive  at  the  service  before  sunrise 

and  leave  after  sunset.  Sunday  service  at  the  winter 
solstice  above  the  arctic  circle  is  to  the  congregation  ‘a  whole 
day  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.’ 

“  At  five  o’clock  we  have  our  afternoon  service,  but  then  we 
must  have  the  petroleum  lamps  burning  to  light  the  chapel. 

At  eight  in  the  evening  we  have  the  public  service  of  the 
The  League  Epworth  Chapter.  To  this  meeting  all  are  invited.  In 
Meeting  this  way  and  under  such  circumstances  we  spend  our 

shortest  Sunday  at  Malmberget  ” 

12 


Let  us  go  to  Conference,  to  a  foreign  Methodist  Episcopal 
Conference.  “Metodist,”  is  the  way  it  is  pronounced  in  Ger¬ 
many,  but  in  Italy  “Metodista  Episcopale,”  with  a  strong 


NORTH  CAPE  AND  MIDNIGHT  SUN 


A  Foreign  accent  on  the  “pal,”  and  the  final  “e”  a  syllable  by 
Conference  itself  and  sounded  like  our  long  “a”  or  as  “  ey  ”  in 
“they.” 

It  is  time  for  Conference  prayer  meeting.  Most  of  the  mem- 

1  Q 
1  o 


bers  are  present  for  that,  and  how  heartily  they  sing!  The 
tunes  are  familiar,  if  the  words  are  in  an  unknown  tongue. 
Usually  at  the  Conference,  especially  in  Switzerland  and  Ger¬ 
many,  a  “  mannerchor”  leads,  and  it  is  an  inspiration  to  hear 
them.  Now  the  brethren  pray,  reverently,  briefly,  with  sub¬ 
dued  responses  and  a  firm  “amen,”  with  that  rich, 
The  Interpreter  broad  “a”  which  they  always  use.  Conference 

opens.  The  interpreter  sits  on  the  left  of  the  bishop. 
He  repeats  “  motions,”  “seconds/7  “remarks/7  outlines  of  long 
addresses,  if  the  bishop  cares  to  know  them,  and  he  speaks  for 
the  presiding  officer  whenever  desired. 

Conference  business  goes  on  as  in  America.  Not  entirely 
so,  because  at  ten  o’clock  somebody  is  sure  to  remind  the  presi¬ 
dent  that  it  is  “time  for  lunch,77  and,  without  formal  motion, 
by  “general  consent/7  everybody  makes  for  the  base- 
The  Forenoon  merit,  where  tea  and  soda  water  and  sandwiches  are 

Lunch  provided  Breakfast  in  Europe  is  not  much  of  a 

meal — coffee  or  tea  and  rolls — and  the  ten  o’clock 
lunch  is  acceptable  to  the  brethren.  It  is  said  that  even  some 
bishops  have  seemed  pleased  with  the  arrangement.  In  twenty 
or  thirty  minutes  Conference  is  in  session  again  The  business 
goes  on  steadily.  These  Methodist  preachers  are  thorough  in 
their  work,  and  they  are  in  earnest. 

The  Sunday  service  at  Conference  is  usually  held  in  a  hall, 
no  church  being  large  enough.  The  outsiders  come  on  Confer¬ 
ence  Sunday.  The  hymn  is  lined  after  the  good  old 
“  Conference  Methodist  fashion,  and  when  a  congregation  sings  as 
Sunday  ”  the  Swiss  and  German  congregations  do,  and  the 

preacher  with  rich  voice  and  unction  reads  the  two 
lines,  the  effect  is  finer  than  any  antiphonal  service  of  a  cathedral. 

GLIMPSES  AT  SOME  OF  OUR  SCHOOLS 

The  earliest  among  our  European  educational  enterprises, 
and  one  of  the  most  valuable,  is  the  Martin  Mission  Institute,  at 
Frankfort,  Germany.  The  germ  of  what  grew  into 
Martin  Institute  this  useful  seminary  or  training  school  for  our  minis¬ 
try  was  begun  at  Bremen  in  1858  with  the  gift  of 
800,  with  three  consecrated  young  men  as  students  and  I)r. 

14 


MARTIN  MISSION  INSTITUTE,  FRANKFORT,  GERMANY 


Jacoby  and  the  pastor  of  the  Bremen  church  as  professors.  In 
1869  the  school  was  moved  to  Frankfort,  Mr.  John  T.  Martin, 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  generously  donating  $25,000  for  the  erec¬ 
tion  of  the  building,  which  still  serves  the  needs  of  the  school. 
Among  those  who  later  led  the  in¬ 
stitute  forward  in  its  firm  growth 
wrere  two  from  America,  one  of 
whom  afterward  became  Bishop 
John  F.  Hurst  and  the 
Some  of  the  other  President  William 
T eachers  F.  Warren,  of  Boston  Uni¬ 

versity,  elected  Dean  of 
School  of  Theology  of  same,  1904. 

At  present  the  instruction  rests  in 
the  hands  of  three  able  men — 
pirector  P.  G.  Junker,  Professor 
Bichard  Wobith,  and  Professor 
August  J.  Bucher,  D.D.,  the  last- 
named  having  gone  as  a  missionary 
from  America.  The  studies  pur¬ 
sued  are  those  of  most  direct  prac¬ 
tical  use  in  the  pastorate,  special 
attention  being  paid  to  Bible 
study,  and  the  students  are  all 
active  in  preaching  and  Sunday  school  work  during  their 


course. 

Ascension  Day  is  a  red-letter  occasion  not  only  lor  the  school, 
but  as  well  for  the  Methodist  people  from  near  and  far  in  that 
part  of  the  country.  By  hundreds  they  gather,  some  of  them 
walking  long  distances  to  attend  the  ‘  ‘  Fest.”  The 
Ascension  Day  campus  is  converted  into  a  church,  rude  benches 

“Fest”  being  constructed  by  the  students  for  the  wor¬ 

shipers,  a  band  of  consecrated  cornetists  leading  the 
singing,  and  choirs  praising  God  and  delighting  the  people  with 
beautiful  songs.  From  the  platform,  which  is  improvised  in  the 
shade  of  a  tree,  the  missionary  sermon  is  preached,  if  possible 
by  a  missionary  from  abroad,  and  other  pleasing  exercises  fol¬ 
low.  The  festival  bears  entirely  the  character  of  a  great  family 

10 


reunion,  furnishing  from  year  to  year  an  illustration  of  the 
joyful  fellowship  which  should  everywhere  mark  our  Metho¬ 
dist  life. 

The  Crandon  ‘  ‘  Institute  Internazionale,”  at  Rome,  is  conse¬ 
crated  to  the  work  of  woman’s  education  in  Italy.  It  has  for 
its  object  the  presentation  and  advocacy  of  the  possibilities 
and  responsibilities  of  the  emancipated,  the  aspir- 
Crandon  Institute  ing,  and  the  consecrated  Christian  woman.  It 
Ideals  stands  for  the  latest  thought  of  this  progressive 

age,  and  seeks  to  prepare  the  best  girls  of  Italy 
to  know,  appreciate,  and  realize  it.  It  is  designed  to  em¬ 
phasize  such  ideas  as  the  following:  that  woman  is  to  be  the 
companion,  and  neither  the  slave  nor  the  plaything,  of  man;  that 
she  is  to  be  an  intelligent  and 
faithful  subject  of  her  king, 
loyal  to  the  government  under 
which  she  lives,  and  pledged 
to  train  her  children  to  the 
same  unqualified  loyalty;  that 
because  she  seeks  to  honor 
God  her  Creator  she  must 
have  respect  for  her  own 
intellectual  power,  cultivate 
a  free  conscience,  sensitive 
and  intelligent,  hold  it  in  her 
own  keeping  as  in  the  sight 
of  God  her  Father,  and  as 
being  directly  and  alone  re¬ 
sponsible  to  God  for  her  char¬ 
acter  and  conduct;  that,  ac¬ 
knowledging  the  authority  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures,  she  is 
herself  to  interpret  them, 
seeking  as  she  may  need  the  assistance  of  wise,  devout,  and 
faithful  teachers;  that  she  is  to  worship  God  according  to  her 
own  convictions;  that  she  is  to  think,  to  study  the  problems  of 
the  age  with  a  reverent  and  humble  spirit;  that  she  is  to  give 
such  time  as  she  may  be  able  to  command,  and  as  a  part  of  her 

17 


religious  duty,  to  the  study  of  science,  literature,  art,  history, 
and  the  pressing  social  questions  of  the  age. 

The  institute  aims  also  to  develop,  in  Christ’s  own  gracious 
way,  a  piety  that  is  open  and  frank,  free  from  artificiality,  du¬ 
plicity,  servility,  and  Pharisaism;  a  piety  that  does  not  depend 
for  its  vitality  and  growth  on  ceremonies,  the  kinder- 
Type  of  Piety  garten  playthings  of  religion,  but  that  enters  into  the 
fiber  of  character,  developing  solidity,  positiveness, 
naturalness,  and  sound  sense,  and  that  is  compatible  with 
refined  and  cultivated  social  life,  interest  in  commercial  and 
political  affairs,  and  at  the  same  time  is  inspired  with  genuine 
Christ ian  enthusiasm . 

The  institute  promotes  the  religious  education  of  girls  whose 
families  have  become  apathetic  on  the  whole  subject  of  religion, 
and  in  many  cases  skeptical  and  even  atheistic.  To  girls  thus 
exposed  the  Crandon  Institute  becomes  an  angel  of  light. 

There  are  also  Roman  Catholics  who  still  hold  to  the  essentials 
of  the  Christian  faith  which  may  still  be  found  in  Romanism, 
but  which  are  so  largely  neutralized  by  human  tra- 
Classes  Served  ditions,  to  whom  the  institute  is  opportunity  for  a 

pure  religious  training.  There  are  many  such  inde¬ 
pendent  and  discriminating  Roman  Catholic  families. 

There  are  also  girls  of  real  power  who,  by  womanly  quality 
and  native  genius,  belong  to  the  foremost  classes,  but  who  have 
been  limited  by  poverty  or  ostracized  by  bigotry,  to  whom  the 
institute  comes  with  uplifting  and  refining  power.  The  best 
blood  of  old  Rome  is  in  their  veins. 

The  Crandon  Institute  is  also  a  school  for  American  and  other 
English-speaking  girls  who  desire  to  enjoy  the  artistic,  historic, 
and  arclueological  advantages  of  Rome,  and  at  the  same  time 
be  preserved  from  superstition.  To  these  the  Crandon  Hall  is 
a  place  of  refuge  and  protection. 

This  important  educational  work  is  facilitated  by  the  direct 
influence  of  a  gifted  faculty,  the  members  of  which  illustrate 
the  ideals  they  present.  Foremost  among  these 
Splendid  Principal  is  Miss  Martha  E.  Vickery,  the  principal,  virtu- 
and  Faculty  ally  the  founder  of  the  institute  in  its  present 

form.  She  is  a  graduate  (1891)  of  i)e  Pauw 
18 


No.  1.— Miss  Martha  Ellen  Vickery  No.  2.— Mrs.  Sarah  Elizabeth  Crandon 


30 

Vor  <A  c  &  ^ 


40 


University,  an  American  woman,  with  the  marks  of  the  Saxon 
in  her,  and  with  indomitable  courage,  persistence,  inventiveness, 
hopefulness,  and  insight  into  human  nature.  She  began  the 
school,  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Burt,  in  Palazzo  Moroni  with 
three  resident  and  seven  day  pupils.  She  now  records  150  and  a 
faculty  of  20  professors  and  other  instructors.  I  wish  I  had 
space  to  name  them  all.  from  the  earliest  to  the  latest. 

The  institute  is  in  the  highest  sense  a  Christian  school.  There 
is  every  morning  a  simple  first  century  devotional  service,  with 
Scripture  reading,  sacred  song,  and  prayer.  The  stu- 
Inner  Spirit  dents  and  professors  in  the  building  hold  a  service  every 
Sabbath  morning.  The  Bible  is  studied  daily  in  a  care¬ 
ful,  scientific,  and  reverent  spirit. 

The  building  stands  on  the  broad  Via  Veneto,  opposite  the 
palace  of  the  widowed  queen  of 
Victor  Emmanuel.  It  has  four 
stories,  is  of  white  brick,  with 
Building  trimmings  of  the  white  yellowish 
travertine.  It  faces  the  south. 

A  small  garden  incloses  it  on  three 
sides.  It  is  throughout  a  modern 
building,  located  on  high  ground,  an 
ornament  to  Rome,  and  an  honor  to 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

The  women  of  America  to  the  women 
of  Italy— greeting!  With  the  greeting 
a  gift!  A  building,  a  faculty,  an  idea, 
and  ideals! 

One  encouraging  feature  which  gives 
hope  for  the  future  of  Bulgaria  is  the 
Loftcha  school — the  American  girls’ 
school  under  the  direction  of 
Bulgarian  the  Woman’s  Foreign  Mission- 
School  ary  Society.  In  this  school 
seventeen  different  cities  and  vil¬ 
lages  of  Bulgaria  are  represented. 

The  girls  are  the  daughters  of  lawyers,  merchants,  government 
officials,  farmers,  and  others.  The  school  has  a  large  number  of 


GIRL  OF  SISTOV,  BULGARIA 


I 

self-supporting  pupils.  It  is  thoroughly  Methodistic,  having  in 
successful  operation  an  Epworth  League,  in  which  the  girls  study 
the  missionary  cause  from  the  American  Methodist  point  of 
view,  and  for  which  they  raise  money  regularly.  They  have 
books  and  maps,  and  they  study  them;  they  attend 
Mission  Study  prayer  meetings,  and  sing  with  great  ardor.  Several 

of  them  have  been  converted.  In  1902  there  were 
62  pupils — 36  of  them  boarders  and  26  day  pupils.  They  have 
readily  increased  in  number,  and  the  teachers  were  compelled 
to  refuse  new  students  because  the  buildings  are  not  large  enough 
to  accommodate  more. 

The  graduates  of  the  school  are  sought  for  as  wives  by  mili¬ 
tary  officers,  bankers,  professional  men,  because  they  believe 
that  the  American  type  of  womanhood  is  better  than  that  of 
any  other  country.  They  have  perfect  confidence  in  the 
Graduates  character  of  the  girls  who  are  in  attendance  at  this 
and  Leaders  American  school.  Miss  Kate  B.  Blackburn,  the  princi¬ 
pal,  is  a  born  administrator.  She  is  the  daughter  of  an 
Illinois  farmer,  and  is  wise,  simple,  genuine,  with  a  firm  will,  is 
free  from  affectation,  and  is  a  devout  Christian.  Miss  Bora 
Davis,  of  Michigan,  is  her  consecrated  and  faithful  associate. 
The  school  is  located  in  the  best  part  of  the  city. 

PRINCIPLES  INVOLVED  IN  OUR  EUROPEAN  WORK 

The  Gospel  of  Christ  must  be  preached  in  “all  the  world. ” 
This  is  imperative  not  simply  because  of  the’  formal  commis¬ 
sion  of  Christ  to  this  effect,  but  from  the  very  nature  of 
Genius  of  the  Gospel  itself,  which  is  truth  inspired  by  love,  and 
the  Gospel  which  must  emit  its  light,  exert  its  force,  and  extend  its 
dominion.  Truth  belongs  to  all  souls  whom  the  God  of 
truth  has  created,  and  love  has  wings  that  never  weary.  There¬ 
fore  we  have  missions  and  missionaries. 

The  condition  of  the  race  which  makes  this  divine  Gospel  and 
its  human  missionary  devices  a  necessity  makes  inevitable  also 
hindrances,  difficulties,  oppositions,  and  even  persecu- 
Opposition  to  tions  in  the  way  of  missionaries.  Ancient  customs 
be  Expected  protest  against  novelties.  Religions  hoary  with  age, 
with  their  traditions,  sanctions,  and  well-trodden  paths 

23 


to  Paradise  which  honored  ancestors  have  trodden — all  protest 
against  other  ways  and  other  worship. 

The  extension  of  modern  evangelical  Christianity  on  the  Con¬ 
tinent  of  Europe  is  no  exception  to  this  rule;  and  our  own 
branch  of  the  Church,  with  all  similar  movements, 
Roman  and  encounters  opposition  in  various  forms.  In  Italy 

Greek  Churches  we  come  face  to  face  with  Romanism  ;  in  Bul¬ 

garia  with  the  Greek  Church  ;  both,  according  to 
our  theor}',  radical  departures  from  the  Church  of  the  New  Tes- 


“  KING  OF  SELLS,”  KKEMLIN,  MOSCOW 
(Weight,  444,000  pounds) 


tament.  These  ancient  rcligio-political  institutions  oppose  us  at 
every  step,  on  every  side,  and  in  every  possible  way.  We  have 
scarcely  anything  in  common  with  them — in  doctrine,  in  Church 
economy,  in  order  of  worship,  in  ideals  of  life. 

24 


In  Protestant  countries — Switzerland,  Germany,  Scandi¬ 
navia — we  find  Church  institutions,  theories,  and  peoples 
more  like  our  own.  In  these  countries  Protestantism  is  domi¬ 
nant.  We  may  expect  there  to  find  sympathy;  so  we 
Protestant  do.  But  opposition  also.  And  in  some  respects  Protes- 

Attitude  tant  opposition  is  harder  to  bear,  because  more  unreason¬ 

able.  Lutherans  and  Zwinglians  are,  in  a  sense,  of  our 
own  household,  and  should  give  us  sympathy  and  help;  some 
of  them  do.  And,  after  all,  the  objections  of  the  rest  to  our 
presence  is  not  unnatural.  These  venerable  Churches— them¬ 
selves  a  standing  protest  against  Romanism,  Protestant  to  the 
core— account  us  as  interlopers,  who,  by  our  simple  presence 
here,  reflect  upon  their  efficiency  and  seem  to  intermeddle  with 
their  affairs.  Our  presence  on  their  territory  is  in  their  thought 
an  intrusion  and  impertinence;  and  many  of  these  Protestant 
Christians  treat  us  accordingly. 

Institutions  affect  in  a  slow  but  radical  way  the  character 
of  the  peoples  among  whom  they  exist.  Institutions  have 
greater  influence  than  material  conditions.  We  may  easily 
overestimate  the  power  of  racial 
inheritance,  climatic  conditions, 
lifelong  occupations ;  but  we 
cannot  overstate  the  power  of 
religious  opinions  and  worship 
and  the  habits  of  thought,  feeling,  and 
conduct  which  they  originate  and  con¬ 
firm.  There  is  a  vast  difference  between 
the  climate  of  Naples  and  that  of 
Stockholm,  but  civilization  makes  the 
people  of  these  two  widely  separated 
centers  much  alike  in  tastes  and  habits 
of  life.  The  atmosphere  of  a  home  in 
Maine  is  warmer  for  the  twelve  months 
of  the  year  and  its  occupants  live  in  a 

more  agreeable  and  equable  temperature  than  do  the  people  in 
Naples  with  its  months  of  raw,  wet,  and  chilly  weather,  its  open 
windows,  and  its  faint  pulsations  of  heat  from  brasiers  and 
scaldini.  But  between  the  Protestant  woman  of  Maine  and  the 


Polar 
Opposites 
in  Religion 


K.  A.  JANSSON,  UPSALA, 
SWEDEN 


Roman  Catholic  woman  of  Naples  there  is  a  distance  as  wide  as 
the  Atlantic.  Out  of  these  mental  and  moral  atmospheres, 
engendered  by  religious  teaching  and  habit,  spring  the  antago¬ 
nisms  which  hinder  the  largest  truth  in  its  operations  among 
less-favored  populations. 

In  Italy,  for  example,  we  deal  with  a  race  which  has  been  for 
centuries  under  the  baleful  influence  of  the  Roman  priesthood. 
Its  character  is  molded  by  Roman  heresies  which  develop  super¬ 
stition  and  duplicity,  heresies  which  utterly  misrepresent 
Italy  Christ,  pervert  the  Holy  Scriptures,  foster  pagan  practices, 
and  tend  to  corrupt  social  and  political  life.  In  Italy,  there¬ 
fore,  we  expect  to  meet  opposition  from  the  celibate  priesthood 
and  from  its  monastic  orders,  male  and  female.  Hence,  a 
fulmination  from  the  Vatican,  aimed  at  our  own  American 
schools  in  Rome,  does  not  surprise  us. 

In  State  Church  countries  we  deal  with  Protestant  people 
whose  Churches  are  sustained  by  revenues  from  the  State.  We 
there  find  a  cultivated  ministry,  buttressed  by  aristocratic 
families,  the  scholarship  of  the  universities,  the  prestige 
State  of  great  names  in  literature,  science,  and  art,  with  all  the 

Church  prejudices  developed  by  such  antecedents  and  alliances. 
Countries  Formalism  and  statecraft,  even  under  the  a'gis  of  Protes¬ 
tantism,  have  their  animus  and  power,  out  of  which 
springs  the  spirit  of  opposition  to  the  more  simple  and  aggres¬ 
sive  forms  of  a  protest  against  their  apathy,  and  against  the 
worldliness  and  heresies  of  Protestantism.  In  these  countries 
where  the  State  controls  the  Church,  where  kings  appoint  bish¬ 
ops,  and  where  -State  treasurers  pay  the  pastors,  we  find  gov¬ 
ernment  restrictions  which  limit  the  liberties  of  all  “Free” 
Churches.  Our  pastors  are  but  “laymen.”  Our  Methodist 
youth-must  in  some  cases  be  catechised  and  confirmed  by  State 
clergymen.  Our  educated  young  people  are  not  permitted  fo 
serve  as  public  school  teachers.  We  are  pronounced  “sec¬ 
taries,”  and  the  “best  society”  repudiates  all  the  “sects.”  Pro¬ 
fessors  in  college  and  principals  of  high  schools  have  been  known 
to  speak  contemptuously  of  us  in  the  presence  of  our  own  chil¬ 
dren.  The  definition  of  “Methodism”  in  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  largely  used  encyclopa'dias  or  dictionaries  of  Germany  is 

26 


as  utter  a  misrepresentation  of  our  Church  as  human  malice 
can  dictate. 

In  Saxony  we  have  no  right  to  administer  the  sacraments  to 
any  person  who  has  not  formally  withdrawn  from  the  State 
Church,  and  a  person  wishing  to  withdraw  must  appear  before 
his  pastor  and  the  officers  of  the 
Path  for  Church  and  there  declare  his  in- 

“  Dissenters  ”  tention.  Four  weeks  later  he 
Made  Hard  must  appear  again  and  renew 
his  declaration.  lie  then  receives 
his  certificate,  with  which  he  must  go  to 
the  judge  of  the  court  and  have  his  name 
registered  as  a  ‘  ‘  dissenter.”  This  costs 
from  one  to  two  dollars  in  our  money.  In 
Prussia  6,000,000  marks  are  spent  annually 
on  the  State  Churches  ;  and  Methodists, 
with  other  Free  Churches,  must,  by  the 
payment/of  taxes,  contribute  to  this  fund. 

In  Norway,  the  national  and  patriotic  at¬ 
tachment  of  the  people  to  the  State  Church 
creates  a  large  body  of  the  population,  that 
without  any  faith  whatever  in  Christian 
truth  and  without  any  spiritual  loyalty  to  the  Church,  looks 
from  the  political  viewpoint  with  a  sort  of  impatience  on  all 
other  Churches.  They  do  not  care  one  iota  for  the  doctrine, 
order,  or  aim  of  the  State  Church  as  a  religious  organization, 
but  it  is  a  national  Church,  and  as  patriots  they  stand  by  it. 
There  the  rights  of  our  ministers  are  to  a  certain  extent  cur¬ 
tailed.  They  are  accounted  by  many  as  intruders;  the  social 
ban  rests  upon  them;  there  is  a  silent  persecution  which,  to  sen¬ 
sitive  natures,  both  clerical  and  lay,  old  and  young,  is  as  hard 
to  bear  as  open  abuse. 

A  new  reform  once  begun,  the  conviction  of  the  people  in 
its  favor  will  find  expression  in  other  and  independent  organi¬ 
zations.  The  liberty  that  makes  Methodism  possible 
A  Substitute  in  any  State  Church  country  makes  possible  also  Free 
for  Our  Work  Churches— Congregational,  Baptist,  Salvation  Army, 
Adventists,  and  others — and  wise  men  within  the 


Church,  seeing  that  the  Church  does  not  meet  the  popular  de¬ 
mand,  begin  to  organize  societies  under  the  direction  of  the 
Church,  simulating  Methodism,  organizations  which  may  do  for 
the  Church  what  Methodist  class  meetings,  prayer  meetings, 
Epworth  Leagues,  and  other  agencies  do.  Hence  ‘  ‘  The  Inner 
Mission”  in  all  parts  of  Europe,  a  movement  that  is  Methodistic 
and  that  owes  its  existence  and  its  power  to  Methodism. 

We  can  thus  easily  see  the  nature  of  the  opposition  which 
we  encounter  in  our  European  work.  I  have  said  nothing  of 
another  element  which  renders  work  the  harder,  and  yet  which 
accentuates  the  importance  of  our  presence.  Skepticism 
Skepticism  in  its  various  forms  extends  throughout  Europe.  The 
Sabbath  is  dishonored.  The  Bible  is  neglected  and  mis¬ 
represented.  All  Church  life  is  too 
lightly  esteemed.  And  out  of  this 
widespread  doubt  springs  another 
source  of  difficulty  in  the  missionary 
work  in  Europe. 

But  there  is  a  brighter  side  on 
which  we  may  look.  The  age  is  an 
age  of  doubt;  but  it  is  also  an  age  of 
faith,  an  age  in  which  Chris¬ 
tian  zeal  still  burns  and 
Christian  effort  is  still  put 
forth.  Goethe  said  :  ‘  ‘  Let 
intellectual  and  spiritual 
culture  progress  and  the  human 
mind  expand  as  much  as  it  will; 
beyond  the  grandeur  and  the  moral 
elevation  of  Christianity,  as  it  spar¬ 
kles  and  shines  in  the  Gospel,  the 
human  mind  will  not  advance.” 

And  Professor  Harnack,  in  his  recent 
lectures  in  Berlin  on  ‘  ‘  What  is  Chris¬ 
tianity?”  quoting  this  saying  of  Goethe,  says,  concerning  the 
Christian  religion:  “In  truth  this  religion  and  the  efforts  which 
it  evokes  are  more  active  to-day  than  they  used  to  be.  We  may 
say,  to  the  credit  of  our  age,  that  it  takes  an  eager  interest  in 

28 


Faith 
Stronger 
than  Doubt 


KEV.  A.  TAQLI ALATEI.A, 
HOME 


the  problem  of  the  nature  and  value  of  Christianity,  and  that 
there  is  more  search  and  inquiry  in  regard  to  this  subject  now 
than  was  the  case  thirty  years  ago.” 

And  it  is  true  that  there  was  never  more  intelligent  and  wise 
activity  than  in  our  own  time  in  the  varied  efforts  made  by  the 
free  Churches  in  the  awakening  of  the  more  formal  State  Church 
to  a  sense  of  responsibility  and  in  the  protest  of 
Signs  of  Change  the  people  of  Italy,  Spain,  and  Austria  against  the 

papacy.  In  the  widening  spirit  of  fraternity 
among  the  Protestant  Churches,  in  the  new  and  able  discussions 
in  England  and  on  the  Continent  of  the  great  Christian  prob¬ 
lems,  we  see  grounds  for  rejoicing.  All  these  considerations 
increase  our  responsibility  and  strengthen  the  demand  for  our 
presence  and  activity  in  all  parts  of  Europe. 

REASONS  WHY  WE  ARE  IN  EUROPE 

We  are  needed  by  the  other  Churches  as  an  evangelizing 
agency,  stirring  them  to  greater  zeal  and  activity.  There  is 
widespread  apathy  on  religious  subjects  which  our  ministry 
tends  to  remove.  Our  type  of  pastors,  with  their 
Evangelizing  glowing  zeal  and  faithful  pastoral  service,  sets  an 
Power  Needed  example  to  ministers  of  the  State  Churches  and  gives 

to  our  people  a  higher  appreciation  of  the  Christian 
ministry.  Our  Gospel  of  religious  experience  meets  the  wTants 
of  the  human  heart.  Our  use  of  the  people  in  Church  work  is 
an  example  to  other  Churches  whose  ministers  alone  are  ex¬ 
pected  to  render  such  service. 

All  this  is  appreciated  by  ministers  and  people.  We  receive 
many  tributes  from  representatives  of  the  State  Church.  Can¬ 
did  men  confess  again  and  again  that  they  are  indebted  to 
Methodism  for  an  increase  of  earnestness  and  for  the 
Christian  vitalizing  of  their  doctrines,  as  well  as  for  the  stirring  up 
Welcome  of  their  own  pastors  to  greater  fidelity.  There  was  re- 
Growing  cently  an  open-air  service  held  in  a  forest  near  one  of  our 
little  chapels  in  Switzerland.  One  of  our  own  preachers, 
Professor  Bucher,  of  Frankfort,  announced  a  temperance  meet¬ 
ing  for  the  evening.  A  fine  program  had  been  prepared,  com¬ 
prising,  besides  the  lecture  of  the  professor,  a  series  of  recitations, 

29 


dialogues,  songs  by  the  choirs,  solos,  and  other  exercises.  The 
chapel  was  well  filled,  and,  to  the  joy  of  our  brethren,  the  pastor 
of  the  State  Church,  a  man  of  God  and  an  enthusiastic  tem¬ 
perance  worker,  was  in  the  audience  and  gladly  declared  himself 
willing  to  participate  in  the  program,  lie  ascended  our  pulpit 
and  made  an  excellent  address,  expressing  his  joy  and  gratitude 
over  the  work  of  God  which  is 
being  carried  on  in  our  chapel 
and  congregation.  He  said 
that  while  some  small  distinc¬ 
tions  of  doctrine  divide  us, 
the  Methodist  and  the  State 
Churches  are  united  by  the 
common  labor  of  love;  that 
it  is  not  necessary  that  we 
all  get  within  the  same  dog¬ 
matical  circle,  if  only  we  stand 
shoulder  to  shoulder  in  the 
fight  against  the  powers  of 
darkness,  if  only  we  work  in 
fraternal  sympathy  and  un¬ 
selfishness  among  the  innu¬ 
merable  victims  of  sin  all 
around  us,  and  particularly 
among  the  victims  of  alcohol. 

He  said  that  if  we  really  are 
children  of  God  we  are  already 
one,  and  expressed  his  desire  that,  as  he  with  his  temperance 
friends  from  the  State  Church  had  come  to  our  Methodist 
meeting,  our  Methodist  temperance  workers  will  also  visit  them 
iii  the  State  Church  on  similar  occasions  arranged  by  them.  He 
then  closed  with  a  fervent  prayer,  and  heartily  shook  hands  with 
our  brethren  as  a  brother. 

During  the  session  of  our  Switzerland  Conference  in  Biel  in 
1900  the  authorities  of  the  city  permitted  the  Conference  to  use 
the  State  Church  building  for  a  public  service,  and  I)r.  Leonard 
delivered  a  most  fervid  sermon.  This  Conference  was  reported 
bv  one  of  the  ministers  of  the  Free  Lutheran  Church.  He  says: 

:>o 


I'KOFESSOR  A.  .1.  BUCIIEK,  D.D., 
FUANK FOKT 


“The  Methodist  Church  in  Switzerland  lias  in  its  service  a 
body  of  well-schooled,  devoted,  and  well-directed  ministers. 
Its  organization  and  spirit  are  such  as  to  make  it  hardly  possi¬ 
ble  for  a  hireling  long  to  stand  in  its  service.  One  therefore 
need  not  be  a  prophet  to  wish  and  to  predict  that  that 
Cur  Work  Church  whose  Conference  met  in  Biel,  the  city  of  the 
Understood  future,  will  prove  herself  a  Church  of  the  future.” 

Also  Professor  Harnack,  in  his  lectures  before  his  class 
in  Berlin,  on  the  Church  in  modern  times,  and  Professor  Loofs, 
of  Halle,  in  his  article  on  Methodism  in  the  new  edition  of 
the  Herzog  Encyclopaedia,  have  shown  that  with  these  leaders 
of  thought  the  prejudice  against  our  cause  is  passing  away. 

Another  part  of  our  mission  in  Europe  wherever  State  Churches 
exist  is  to  demonstrate  the  superiority  of  denominational  Church 
life  to  external  or  organic  unity.  As  it  is  not  desirable  that  all 
families  should  live  in  one  house  or  that  all  the  nations  of  the 
earth  should  resolve  themselves  into  one  great  nation,  so  it  is 
not  desirable  that  all  the  various  developments  of  Christian 
ideas  and  Christian  methods  should  drop  their  distinctive  pecul¬ 
iarities  and  melt  into  one  united  external  organization. 
Right  The  denominational  form,  with  love  at  the  core,  is  the 

Emphasis  best  form  of  the  Christian  Church.  The  unity  that  is 

and  Unity  born  of  such  diversity  and  love  is  likely  to  be  a  more 

genuine  and  permanent  unity.  We  need  denominations 
in  order  to  experiment  on  doctrinal  theories  and  ecclesiastical 
methods.  The  denomination  makes  emphasis  possible,  and  the 
emphasis  of  doctrine  is  of  utmost  importance  in  the  largest  and 
most  thorough  study  of  truth.  There  is  always  danger  from 
external  unity  of  a  temporal  power  and  authority  which  is  very 
likely  to  paralyze  spiritual  life;  therefore  we  stand  as  Methodists 
for  the  true  unity— the  unity  consistent  with  separate  denomi¬ 
nations,  the  wholesome  rivalry  of  separate  organizations  and  the 
spiritual  oneness  which  comes  after  discussion  and  testing  of 
doctrines  and  methods. 

The  neglected  masses  need  us.  Many  of  these  people  are 
nominally  within  the  State  Church.  To  be  sure 
M  asses  Need  Us  they  attend  no  church  and  never  feel  any  re¬ 
sponsibility  for  the  duties  which  it  is  supposed 

31 


that  the  Christian  Church  imposes  upon  those  who  are  con¬ 
nected  with  it.  In  Christiania,  Norway,  for  example,  there  arc 
250,000  people,  and  yet  there  is  church  room  only  for  20,000 
of  these  people.  As  long  as  the  State  Church  neglects  the 
masses  or  fails  to  appeal  to  them,  our  own 
Church  has  a  call  to  serve  even  though  the 
people  we  awaken  and  stimulate  to  a  better 
life  fail  to  become  members  of  our  Church. 

We  do  not  and  must  not  exist  for  the  sake 
of  statistical  tables  or  annual  reports;  it  is 
our  mission  to  stimulate  all  the  Churches 
to  greater  diligence  and  devotion. 

The  people  who  are  in  the  future  years 
to  come  to  America  from  these  European 
countries  and  become  American  citizens 
need  us.  We  need  to  instruct  them 
Effect  on  in  the  fundamental  doctrines  of 
Emigrants  human  equality  and  the  democracy 
of  Christian  faith.  Every  man 
brought  to  Christ  and  blessed  with  a  vital 
Christian  experience  in  Europe,  and  then 
going  over  sea,  becomes  that  much  more  valuable  as  an  Ameri¬ 
can  citizen. 

Wherever  we  go  we  carry  vitality  and  new  ideals  of  life. 
The  three  marked  features  of  the  reviving  State  Church  life 
of  Europe  are  the  distinguishing  features  of  Metho- 
Spiritual  Vitality  dism  everywhere — aggressive  evangelization,  fra¬ 
ternal  fellowship,  and  higher  spiritual  life. 

It  is,  moreover,  a  fact  that  we  are  in  Europe  because  we  have 
been  called  by  the  people.  It  is  to  be  remembered  that  neither 
the  General  Missionary  Committee  nor  the  Board  of  Managers  is 
responsible  for  the  beginning  of  our  work  in  Europe,  nor 
Movement  did  the  Church  through  any  of  its  officers  or  organiza- 

of  Grace  tions  take  the  initiative.  Sailors  and  emigrants  heard 

on  our  side  of  the  sea  the  story  of  the  Gospel.  They 

felt  the  power  of  the  new  kingdom  of  grace.  Returning  or 

by  correspondence  they  spread  this  work  among  their  friends 
in  Europe.  One  ship,  years  ago,  came  sailing  into  the  port  of 

32 


KEV.  T.  B.  BAKKATT, 
NORWAY 


Arendal,  on  the  east  coast  of  Norway,  the  captain  and  the  whole 
crew,  with  but  a  single  exception,  converted  and  singing  the 
new  songs  of  salvation  which  they  had  learned  beyond  the  sea. 
From  Norway  and  Sweden  and  Germany  came  a  call  for  men 
to  instruct  the  people  in  this  new  life.  The  Church  in  America 
responded.  There  was  nothing  else  to  do.  Our  branch  of  the 


FINLAND  THEOLOGICAL  SCHOOL 
(Principal  J.  Wilk  Haggman  seated) 


Church  is  in  Europe  and  settled  there  from  Hammerfest  to  Varna, 
from  St.  Petersburg  to  Palermo.  The  field  and  the  duty  are 
ours  by  divine  appointment,  and  our  Church  must  continue  to 
occupy  the  field  and  discharge  the  duty. 

The  success  and  present  condition  of  our  work  make  our  con¬ 
tinued  efforts  absolutely  necessary.  If  there  be  a  reason,  based 
on  the  needs  of  the  people  and  the  leadings  of  Providence,  for 
our  active  presence  anywhere  in  the  world  that  reason  holds 
good  for  our  presence  in  Europe.  The  people — the  plain,  hard- 

83 


working,  common  people— to  whom  the  Gospel  came  in  the 
beginning,  need  us.  We  have  now  Methodists  in  Europe  who 
from  childhood,  some  of  them  lor  fifty  years,  have  been  in  our 
sanctuaries.  We  have  members,  ministers,  periodicals, 
Our  Success  book  concerns,  educational  institutions,  and  a  large 
a  Pledge  constituency  outside  of  our  own  regular  Church  enroll¬ 

ment  who  believe  in  and  depend  upon  us.  We  have 
investments  in  real  estate,  in  church  buildings  and  parsonages, 
and  are  a  part  of  the  Continent.  Every  year  brings  to  us  new 
opportunities.  We  dare  not  give  up  the  work  in  Europe. 

NEWER  MOVEMENTS  AND  AGENCIES 

One  of  the  most  interesting  and  successful  developments  of 
Methodist  work  in  Europe  is  that  of  the  Bethany  or  Dea¬ 
coness  Sisterhood.  Although  for  wise  reasons  it  is  deemed 
necessary  to  keep  the  society  entirely  free  from  formal 
Deaconess  ecclesiastical  control,  all  of  its  officers  and  sisters  are 
Work  members  of  our  Church.  These  excellent  women  are 

doing  a  beautiful  work  in  Hamburg,  Berlin,  Vienna, 
Zurich,. .and'. elsewhere.  Devout,  cheerful, 
skillful  -  in  their  calling,  they  are  popular 
with  all  classes  of  people.  Many  Homan 

r.  ,  >  **  • 

Catholic  families  prefer  them  to  the  “  sisters” 
of  theiEown  Church.  “They  are  so  happy 
and  interesting,”  said  a  Roman  Catholic; 

“  they 'itbn’t  spend  their  time  in  counting 
beads  and  reading  prayers  and  looking 
solemn.” 

Much  attention  is  given  to  the  children 
and  young  people  in  connection  with  our 
European  missions.  The  Sunday  schools  in 
1904  numbered  more  than  a 
Sunday  Schools  thousand,  with  6,448  officers 

and  teachers,  and  74,218  pupils. 

In  all  parts  of  the  European  field  the  Ep- 
wortli  League  has  become  a  highly  valued 

part  of  our  work.  This  organization,  in  the  Berlin  District 
alone  of  the  North  Germany  Conference,  in  1904,  numbered 

.44 


UEV.  F.  AllOKFN, 
STOCKHOLM 


about  a  thousand  members.  In  1903,  in  the  Frankfort  District 
of  the  South  Germany  Conference,  two  secretaries  visited  all  the 
circuits  and  addressed  the  Epworth  League  chapters.  In  the 
Heilbronn  District  the  young  people  of  the  League, 
Epworth  League  Sunday  after  Sunday,  called  on  the  sick,  dis¬ 
tributed  our  papers,  and  invited  people  to  attend 
our  services  and  to  become  teachers  in  the  Sunday  school.  The 
convention  for  Sweden,  in  March,  1903,  was  a  real  revival  occa¬ 
sion,  with  many  seekers  at  the  altar,  and  the  report  at  the  An¬ 
nual  Conference  showed  110  chapters,  4,953  members,  and  986 
Junior  members.  Rev.  Fredrik  Ahgren,  of  Stockholm,  one  of 
the  delegates  to  the  General  Conference  of  1904,  is  president  of 
the  League  in  Sweden,  and  is  planning  a  strong  “  forward  move¬ 
ment”  in  missions  and  Bible  study, 
using  the  material  prepared  for  the 
home  field  in  Swedish  translations. 

We  have  publishing  houses  in  Ger¬ 
many,  Switzerland,  Scandinavia,  Italy, 
and  Bulgaria;  and  during  the  quadren- 
nium  from  1900  to  1904 
Printing  Press  some  new  agencies  of  liter¬ 
ary  and  spiritual  culture 
were  introduced,  and  met  with  general 
favor.  Every  year  a  day — a  Sab¬ 
bath  day — was  devoted  to  insistence 
upon  increased  Bible  study  by  all  of 
the  people.  Every  year  a  month  was 
set  apart  by  the  whole 
Christian  Culture  Church  for  “  conversa¬ 
tions”  upon  a  special 
topic?  The' first  year  the~topic  was: 

“  The  Class  Meeting — Its  Power  and 
Possibilities;”  the  second  year,  “The 
More  Careful  Instruction  of  Our  Chil¬ 
dren  and  Youth;”  the  third  year,  “The  Distinctive  Doctrines  of 
Our  Church;”  the  fourth  year,  “The  Significance  and  Power  of 
Prayer.”  Most  blessed  spiritual  results  followed  these  “Novem¬ 
ber  conversations.”  The  European  Reading  Circle,  which  is 

35 


ERNST  G.  BEK, 
PFORZHEIM,  GERMANY 


almost  entirely  devoted  to  religious  subjects,  enrolled  probably 
four  or  five  thousand  readers.  Difficulties  in  connection  with 
the  publication  of  new  books  hindered  its  rapid  progress,  but  its 
future  success,  under  the  direction  of  our  energetic,  versatile, 
and  devoted  layman,  Mr.  Ernst  G.  Bek,  of  Pforzheim,  is  assured. 

In  the  summer  of  1902  a  Bulgarian  society  was  organized 
under  the  name  of  “The  True  Life,”  and  four  tracts,  on  the  true 
physical,  social,  intellectual,  and  spiritual  life,  were  printed,  and 
were  widely  scattered  by  our  preachers.  Hundreds  of 
“  The  letters  were  received  from  all  parts  of  Bulgaria,  in 

True  Life”  which  the  writers  expressed  their  thanks  for  the  tracts 
and  their  desire  to  lead  this  true  life.  The  most  inter¬ 
esting  letter  came  from  Vratsa,  a  town  in  which  there  was  not 
a  single  evangelical  Christian. 

The  letter  was  signed  by  eight 
persons.  After  reading  the 
tracts,  which  they  enjoyed 
very  much,  they  organized  a 
circle,  and  wrote  asking  for 
further  directions,  and  the 
interest  thus  awakened  re¬ 
sulted  in  the  organizing  of  a 
new  charge  at  Vratsa,  min¬ 
istered  to  by  a  native  pastor. 

The  first  Methodist  Epis¬ 
copal  Church  Congress  for 

Europe  met  in  Berlin  in  1895. 

The  second  of  these 
Church  informal  or  unofficial 

Congress  meetings,  in  which  rep¬ 
resentatives  from  all 

parts  of  the  field  gather  for 
interchange  of  thought,  was 
held  in  Zurich,  Switzerland,  September  17-21,  1903.  In  its 
papers,  addresses,  and  discussions  the  chief  stress  was  placed  on 
the  full  development  of  the  individual  life,  including  the  chil¬ 
dren  and  youth,  especially  by  greater  attention  to  the  study  of 
the  Bible,  by  seeking  access  to  the  treasures  of  general  and 

36 


religious  literature  outside  of  one’s  own  tongue,  and  by  closer 
cooperation  with  representative  educators,  a  more  intimate  rela¬ 
tion  to  reform  movements  and  philanthropic  enterprises,  an 
increasing  joy  in  Christian  experience  and  sharing  of  life  by 
fellowship  and  correspondence.  Several  representatives  in  the 
congress  have  already  been  mentioned,  such  as  Professors  Jun¬ 
ker  and  Bucher,  Dr.  Sulzberger,  Pastor  Ahgren,  and  Mr.  Bek. 

Among  others  who  are  strong  workers  in  this  field 
Our  European  are  Dr.  William  Burt,  farseeing,  statesmanlike,  in- 
Leaders  vincible,  who  in  1904  was  elected  Bishop  and  became 

leader  of  our  European  forces;  the  Bev.  K.  A.  Jans- 
son,  the  enthusiastic  and  aggressive  president  of  the  Sweden 
Theological  School,  at  Upsala ;  the  Rev.  J.  Wilk  Haggman, 
presiding  elder  and  also  principal  of  the  Finland  Theological 
School;  the  Rev.  T.  B.  Barratt,  of  Norway,  probably  our  most 
successful  revivalist  and  city  mission  worker  in  Europe;  the 
Revs.  Christian  Jensen  and  L.  C.  Larsen,  presiding  elders  of  the 
Jutland  North  and  Jutland  South  Districts,  Denmark;  the  Rev. 
Karl  Schell,  our  cultured  pastor  at  Berlin;  the  Rev.  Edward 
Hug,  presiding  elder  of  the  Winterthur  District,  Switzerland,  and 
editor;  the  Rev.  Alfredo  Taglialatela,  gifted  orator,  preacher, 
and  editor  at  Rome;  and  the  Rev.  Stephen  Thomoff,  of  Bul¬ 
garia,  editor,  and  master  of  ten  languages.  Ten  other  equally 
worthy  names  would  need  to  be  added  to  include  the  splendid 
personnel  of  our  European  leaders  present  at  the  congress. 

QUESTIONS  OF  FINANCE  AND  NUMBERS 

There  remain  two  more  questions  to  be  considered.  The 
first  is  the  question  of  debts  incurred  in  the  planting  and  devel¬ 
oping  of  our  European  work.  It  is  well  before 
Debts  Due  to  condemning  those  who  are  responsible  for  this  to 
Wise  Foresight  take  their  point  of  view;  for  these  debts  are  gen¬ 
erally  the  result,  not  of  carelessness  or  mismanage¬ 
ment,  but  of  a  policy  based  on  the  highest  wisdom. 

We  must  have  land  and  buildings.  The  churches  and  Sun¬ 
day  schools  must  be  housed.  Pastors  and  their  families  must 
have  homes.  It  is  usual  at  the  beginning  of  our  work  in  a  given 
place  to  rent  a  hall.  The  hall  must  be  large  enough  to  accom- 

37 


modate  the  people  who  are  likely  to  come  to  hear  our  message. 
The  necessity  of  economy  often  compels  the  hiring  of  small 
halls.  These  are  sometimes  near  or  connected  with  saloons 
and  beer  gardens,  sometimes  with  private  houses;  and 
Room  the  occupants  object  to  an  alien  religious  service  and 

Required  the  hearty  singing  of  our  people  or  to  having  “poor 

people”  entering  their  quarters.  The  larger  and  more 
favorably  located  halls  are  expensive.  Hence,  we  must  build. 


INTERIOR  OF  ST.  MARK’S  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 
CHURCH,  COPENHAGEN 

But  in  Europe  the  ground  is  expensive,  and  the  nearer  we 
come  to  the  people  who  need  us  the  more  expensive  it  is.  If 
we  remain  in  halls  people  wonder  if  we  are  likely  to  remain. 
The  occupancy  of  a  hall  constantly  suggests  the  possibility  of 

38 


removal  or  the  possible  abandonment  of  the  field.  In  Ham¬ 
burg  we  had  to  begin  six  times  over.  People  do  not  care  to 
identify  themselves  with  an  uncertain  enterprise.  We  must 
buy  land  and  build.  In  the  larger  towns  and  cities  the  local 
authorities  have  something  to  say  about  the  material  and  style 
of  the  structure.  Public  safety  demands  it.  And  we  must 
provide  buildings  of  greater  capacity  than  our  imme- 
Property  diate  needs  require.  Thus  the  Church  is  compelled  to 

M  eans  assume  debt.  The  situation  is  not  so  much  worse 

Permanence  with  the  debt,  because  the  interest  on  it  is  usually  met 
by  the  money  that  hitherto  has  gone  for  rental.  We 
have  much  good  property  unincumbered.  Debts  diminish  gradu¬ 
ally.  They  must  be  slowly  liquidated.  We  must  raise  a  genera- 


MOSQUE  OF  SFIjTAN  ACHMET,  CONSTANTINOPLE 
(Famous  for  Six  Minarets) 


tion  of  well-to-do  men.  And  this  is  necessarily  a  much  slower 
process  in  Europe  than  in  America.  While  the  Church  is 
steadily  paying  her  debts,  she  must  continue  to  extend  her 
work.  New  fields  must  be  occupied  and  new  indebtedness  as¬ 
sumed.  She  is  sure  to  pay.  But  she  must  have  continued  help 

39 


from  America.  The  people  are  poor,  but  they  are  economical, 
conscientious,  and  loyal,  and  while  supporting  their  own,  they 
are  compelled  to  pay  taxes  for  the  support  of  the  State  Church. 
Therefore  let  our  Church  “at  home”  continue  to  help  our 
Church  “abroad.” 

Another  question  often  asked  is  why  we  do  not  show  larger 
numerical  results  in  Europe.  The  same  question  can  be  asked 
concerning  the  results  of  Church  effort  in  our  own  land.  We 
deal  with  the  same  human  nature  abroad  as  at 
Influence  home.  Again  our  people  in  Europe  are  not  all  tlior- 

Beyond  oughly  consecrated  and  intelligently  active.  How  is 

Our  Numbers  it  in  these  respects  with  our  people  in  the  home 

field?  There,  from  the  very  necessity  of  the  case, 
the  limitations  caused  by  the  State  Church  system  and  the 
prevalence  of  the  Roman  Catholic  superstition  render  it  very 
difficult  for  us  to  bring  into  our  communion  the  full  propor¬ 
tion  of  those  whom  we  bring  to  Christ.  Rut  it  should  be  recog¬ 
nized  that  everywhere  we  are  stimulating  the  other  and  older 
Churches  to  greater  zeal  and  efficiency,  and  that  we  are  slowly 
but  surely  building  up  the  kingdom  of  Christ,  as  well  as  our 
own  membership,  in  the  countries  of  Europe  where  we  labor. 

Some  of  the  statistical  results  of  our  European  missions  for 
1903  may  be  seen  in  the  following  table: 


1 

i  w 

Namk  of  Coxkkkf.nck  rj. 

<11:  Mission.  -r 

c 

1  rT 

'  8^ 
r*  £  . 

.si<i 
c n  . 

■r 

§  =  > 
SEC 

toOO 

Native 

Ordained 

Preachers. 

Native 
Unordained 
'  Preachers. 

Members. 

Probationers. 

North  Germany . 

64 

46 

6,533 

3,542 

South  Germany . 

i 

85 

150 

8,917 

1 ,637 

Switzerland . 

52 

16 

7,912 

1 ,095 

Norway . 

43 

65 

5,396 

438 

Sweden . 

104 

148 

15,646 

1,642 

Denmark . 

19 

17 

3,205 

202 

Bulgaria . 

3 

13 

6 

271 

91 

Italy . 

8 

27 

22 

2,086 

656 

Finland  &  St.  Petersb’g 

12 

766 

282 

Total . 

12 

407 

1 82 

50,732 

9,585 

40 


These  sixty  thousand  Methodist  members,  with  perhaps  nearly 
twice  as  many  more  adherents,  giving  us  a  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  people  distributed  through  eight  European  countries, 
constitute  a  noble  return  for  our  European  missionary 
Work  Should  enterprise,  both  in  themselves  and  in  their  evangelic 
Be  Sustained  influence,  working  toward  the  development  of  the 
highest  type  of  Christianity  in  a  great  continent. 
Nobly  should  the  work  be  sustained  in  all  its  parts  and  at  all 
points. 

LITERATURE 

An  extended  account  of  the  several  European  missions 
considered  in  the  booklet  can  be  found  in  the  second  and  third 
volumes  of  Missions  and  Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  by  J.  M.  Reid  and  J.  T.  Gracey,  three  volumes, 
$4;  some  notice  of  them  in  Volume  II,  Part  IV,  of  History  of  the 
Christian  Church,  by  J.  F.  Hurst,  two  volumes,  $10;  and  a  sur¬ 
vey  of  this  field  and  strong  appeal  for  its  support  are  given  in  the 
address  by  W.  H.  Crawford  in  one  of  the  seven  little  volumes 
reporting  the  Philadelphia  Missionary  Convention,  1903,  $1,  net, 
for  the  set.  (By  mail,  $1.20.)  For  a  summary  of  the  general 
religious  conditions  in  Europe  at  the  beginning  of  this  century, 
Christendom  Anno  Domini  1901 ,  is  recommended,  two  volumes 
in  one,  $1.50,  net.  (By  mail,  $1.75.)  To  one  who  would  know 
the  whole  life  of  the  people  in  any  one  or  more  of  these  countries, 
a  better  choice  could  not  be  made  than  the  number  or  numbers 
of  the  series  of  books  edited  by  W.  H.  Dawson,  on  Our  European 
Neighbors,  which  treat  the  life  of  the  same.  Each  volume  is 
written  by  a  thoroughly  informed  author,  is  fully  illustrated,  and 
is  up-to-date.  German  Life  in  Town  and  Country  gives  the  form 
of  the  separate  titles,  and  others  relating  to  our  European  field 
are  those  on  Russian,  Swedish,  Danish,  Swiss,  and  Italian  life, 
per  volume,  $1.20,  net.  (By  mail,  $1.30.)  A  single-volume 
little  book  of  travel,  by  a  keen  observer,  touching  nearly  all  parts 
of  our  field,  is  Rambles  in  the  Old  World,  by  M.  S.  Terry,  $1. 
These  and  other  mission  books  can  be  obtained,  through  the 
pastor,  of  the  Methodist  Book  Concern. 


41 


THE  OPEN  DOOR  SERIES 


Each  number  of  the  Open  Door  Series  of  Mission  Booklets  is 
issued  in  a  cover  similar  to  that  on  this  number,  giving  a  simple 
outline  map  with  the  essential  facts  of  the  geography  of  the  coun¬ 
try,  so  that  they  can  be  seen  at  a  glance,  and  some  things  char¬ 
acteristic  of  the  land  and  a  face  typical  of  the  people.  The  one 
on  India  has,  as  a  background,  the  beautiful  Taj  Mahal;  that 
on  Korea,  the  queer  Korean  hat  and  the  famous  national  emblem, 
which  appears  on  all  the  stamps  of  Korea;  that  on  Malaysia,  the 
fruits  which  grow  in  the  region  traversed  by  the  equator;  while 
the  one  on  Japan  gives  the  jinrikisha  and  the  flowers  of  the 
cherry,  lotus,  and  chrysanthemum.  The  present  cover  has  in 
the  upper  left-hand  corner  the  figure  of  Wesley  proclaiming  the 
Gospel,  as  a  symbol  of  the  message  which  Methodism  is  now 
bringing  to  the  continent  of  Europe,  and  in  the  lower  right-hand 
corner  the  face  of  Bishop  Burt. 

Each  of  the  booklets  has  an  excellent  and,  in  most  cases,  a 
specially  prepared  map  covering  the  two  central  pages,  and  is 
rich  in  carefully  selected  illustrations.  In  all  respects  the  con¬ 
tents  are  strictly  up-to-date.  The  booklets,  therefore,  will 
prove  of  direct  value  to  Mission  Study  Classes,  those  having 
charge  of  missionary  devotional  meetings,  pastors,  women’s 
societies,  Sunday  school  workers,  and  all  who  wish  the  most 
compact  and  latest  information,  accompanied  by  very  clear 
maps  and  illustrations. 

Other  booklets  are  planned  to  be  issued,  covering  all  the  re¬ 
maining  fields.  It  should  be  remembered  that  in  each  booklet, 
while  our  own  missionary  ivork  is  especially  emphasized,  the 
country  and  people,  the  native  religions,  and  Christian  Missions 
in  general  also  receive  attention,  so  as  to  give  a  complete  survey  of 
the  field. 

The  uniform  price  of  ten  cents  per  copy,  postpaid,  for  each  of 
the  booklets,  is  exceedingly  low,  considering  the  high  quality 
of  matter,  paper,  and  presswork.  Send  all  orders,  with  remit¬ 
tance,  to  The  Open  Door  Emergency  Commission,  150  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York. 


42 


Now  Ready. 


The  Korea  Mission  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
By  Rev.  Henry  G.  Appenzeller,  D.D.,  late  Superintendent 
of  the  Mission. 

The  China  Mission  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
By  Rev.  Arthur  J.  Bowen,  Missionary,  Nanking,  China. 

The  India  Mission  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  By 
Rev.  Jefferson  E.  Scott,  D.D.,  Presiding  Elder  of  the  A  j  mere 
District,  India. 

The  Japan  Mission  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  By 
seven  eminent  missionaries  of  Japan. 

The  Malaysia  Mission  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
By  Rev.  John  Russell  Denyes,  Missionary,  Singapore, 
Malaysia. 

The  European  Mission  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
By  Bishop  John  Heyl  Vincent,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 


•43 


